Research and Publications

The HIV/AIDS pandemic will transform Africa as we know it. Taking a pessimistic view of current trends, this article foresees the emergence of AIDS-related national crises (ARNCs). Just as HIV infection itself kills through other infections, the pandemic-induced crises will manifest themselves in a range of other social, economic and political pathologies, with potentially severe implications for food security. Most current models of the AIDS pandemic assume that governance of affected countries will remain unchanged or even improve in the face of these crises. However, these approaches have left out a potentially crucial element of negative feedback. In light of these special features of ARNCs, normal responses to these crises will not work, and may in some respects make the situation worse. The priorities of development partnerships will need to be re-evaluated, and concerted efforts must be taken toward prevention. The article concludes that African nations, and their international partners, may need a new model of governance over the next few decades that reflects the far-reaching impacts of ARNCs.

This title provides definitions for every noun, phrase, and concept use by the DEA and FDA regulations listed in alphabetical order.

Planners work with various kinds of organizations, sometimes to provide technical expertise and other times to facilitate communication between different organizations and interest groups. Planners are also important players in "organizational learning." In this article, the authors describe how organizational practices change through learning. Drawing from the sociological literature on organizational behavior, the authors develop a conceptual model of organizational learning. This model is then applied to the case of a nongovernmental organization (NGO) engaged in development planning in western India. We show not only how learning processes have led to behavioral change in this NGO but also ways in which learning has been constrained. © 2001 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning.

This paper examines the effects of shifts in "development discourse" on the behavior of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Drawing upon detailed case histories of two well-established NGOs in western India, it is demonstrated that (1) the case NGOs have been profoundly influenced by discourses prevailing during their initial, formative stages; (2) NGO behavior is subject to changes in global development discourses that are transmitted to them via a range of mechanisms including consultants, conditions of funding, and reporting requirements; and (3) these NGOs have been able to challenge and adapt certain discourses to suit their own needs and circumstances, sometimes even sparking wider structural change.

Agricultural cooperatives have been promoted in India's economic development programme as a means of encouraging large-scale agricultural production while enhancing community cooperation and equity. Focusing on sugar cooperatives in Gujarat state of western India, the author shows that these cooperatives have been successful in promoting large-scale agricultural production and in improving the economic and social standing of their members. This success, however, has been built upon the exploitation and pauperisation of local landless communities and migrant labourers. As a result, there has been an increased differentiation of the peasantry in south Gujarat.