This chapter aims to provide policy-makers, scholars, and practitioners with a brief overview of the threat of pandemic influenza, the need for developing comprehensive pandemic preparedness plans that adopt a whole-of-government or whole-ofsociety approach, as well as summarizing the various pharmaceutical (such as influenza vaccines and antiviral medications) and non-pharmaceutical strategies (such as school closures, personal hygiene practices, and the use of facemasks) for responding to the threat.