Disease outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics have shaped and re-shaped human existence for millennia, and while we have entered a new era of unparalleled scientific, medical, and technological advances that have the potential to yield immeasurable health benefits, the threat of epidemics and pandemics has not lessened but is growing. This chapter examines the threat of future pandemics as well as some of the latest developments in the wake of COVID-19 that may assist in mitigating the danger they pose. The chapter commences by examining the post-war institutions and frameworks that were created to assist with eliminating infectious diseases before exploring the more recent developments designed to strengthen current and future pandemic prevention, preparedness and response. The chapter concludes with a short evaluation of the future governance challenges and where international collaboration using evidence-based research will be essential for enhancing global health security.