Australia is one of the few countries currently in the world to have signed the Artemis Accords in 2020 while having previously acceded to the 1979 Moon Agreement. Several commentators have argued, however, these two instruments are incompatible under existing space law. This article considers the extent to which Australia’s accession to the Moon Agreement and signature of the Artemis Accords constitutes an irresolvable legal dilemma. More specifically, the article explores whether Sections 9, 10 and 11 of the Accords relating to space heritage, the extraction of resources, and the creation of safety zones on the Moon or other celestial bodies present an irreconcilable legal conflict with Australia’s obligations under the Moon Agreement. In so doing, particular attention is given to analysing how these two instruments complement or contradict each other, and whether a real or apparent conflict may already exist or emerge in the future.