Domestic Politics in 2025: South Korea's Polarized Democracy After Martial Law

Jan 1, 2026
By: Hur A Korea Observer 1 - 21
Abstract
In the wake of the stunning martial law crisis, what is the status and future of South Korea's polarized democracy? Much debate has focused on whether the intensity of polarization has abated under the Lee Jae-myung administration. I shift focus to the axis of polarization and its prospects for change. Protestors in the aftermath of the crisis were noticeably younger, more female, and diverse. Cautious optimism surrounded the "born democratic" generation as the potential movers of the Cold War nationalist axis that has long polarized the left-right over unification with North Korea. I test this optimism against data from the Korean General Social Survey. I find that support for unification remains the most consistent and significant predictor of leftist identification in the population, even for the young generation. A new axis around gender equality is emerging, but its partisan pull is limited to women. Whether the martial law crisis serves as a force of realignment or retrenchment for South Korea's polarized democracy appears to depend less on street-level politics and more on party elites and leadership.
Copy Citation Hur, A. (2026). Domestic Politics in 2025: South Korea's Polarized Democracy After Martial Law. Korea Observer, 57(1), 1-21. doi:10.29152/KOIKS.2026.57.1.1 Copied to clipboard.
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