This article has 3 main goals. First, it aims to present a conceptualization of reconciliation in national conflict, distinguishing reconciliation from 2 other processes defined in the conflict resolution literature-conflict settlement and conflict resolution-and examining the requirements of reconciliation in the context of power relations and identity-based conflicts. Second, it discusses factors that influence reconciliation and examines patterns of historical reconciliation and the role of power relations and identity in these patterns. Third, it applies the conceptualization presented in the first 2 parts to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. © 2004, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.