Fletcher Features
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| The International Security Studies Program (ISSP) at Fletcher boasts
over sixteen publications by nine former and current students this year!
Articles range from the impact of the September 11th attacks to
addressing the environment as both a domestic and a global security
issue. Dr. Richard Shultz, Professor of International Politics and
Director of the ISSP directs and advises the
students. One of the most published of his students, Toshi Yoshihara, entered the Ph.D. program at Fletcher in 2000. His dissertation focuses on the forces that have driven China’s pursuit of information warfare, projects how this pursuit will change the face of China’s military and more broadly tests theories on military innovation. In 2002 alone, he published eight articles: “India and Pakistan at the Edge,” Survival, Vol. 44, No. 3, Autumn 2002, 69-86, co-author; “Get Those Missiles to Taiwan,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 5 September 2002, co-author; “Exploring the Potential of Chinese Cyber-warfare,” Foresight (Japanese monthly magazine), 17 August – 20 September 2002, 34-36; “Talking with N. Korea: It’s Worth a Try,” Los Angeles Times, 28 July 2002, co-author; “U.S. Must Send Missiles to Taiwan,” Taipei Times, 27 July 2002, co-author; “Defense Talks Sign of Closer Ties,” Taipei Journal, 12 July 2002, 6, co-author; "The United States and China in the Persian Gulf: Challenges and Opportunities," The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, Vol. 26, No. 1, Winter/Spring 2002, co-author; Nuclear Stability in South Asia, (Cambridge, MA: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, February 2002), co-author. Chen Zak, another current ISSP Ph.D. published her MALD (‘02) thesis as a monograph: Iran’s Nuclear Policy and the IAEA – An Evaluation of Program 93+2, Military Research Papers, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy No. 3, 2002. In this book, Ms. Zak asserts that the Islamic Republic of Iran provides a good test case for evaluating the implementation of Program 93+2. She examines whether this new verification system would permit the identification of Iranian nuclear weapons development and whether a regional agreement might ultimately prove to be a more effective option for the Middle East. While pursuing her MALD in 2001, she was a visiting fellow at the Washington Institute, and in 2002 was a researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. In yet another publication, demonstrating the interdisciplinary strength of the International Security Studies Program, Marcus King (MALD ‘00 and current Ph.D. candidate under professors Moomaw, Shultz and Babbitt) argues that the environment is a global security issue. In his current article “Harder Than Physics: Negotiating an International Regime to Limit Transboundary Consequences of Nuclear Waste Disposal,” in Transboundary Environmental Negotiation: New Approaches to Global Cooperation, Larry Susskind, William Moomaw, and Kevin Gallagher, eds., Program on Negotiation, at Harvard Law School, Jossey-BassPublishers, San Francisco CA, 2002 (which appeared originally as “Reforming the International Environmental Treaty-Making System,” Papers on International Environmental Negotiation, L. Susskind, W. Moomaw, K. Gallagher and E. Corell, eds., Program on Negotiation, Harvard Law School, PON Books, 2001), Mr. King suggests that there is a need for a new international regime to limit and guide nuclear waste disposal around the world. King proposes a regime to balance conflicting interests including: the security concerns of national governments; commercial concerns of the global nuclear industry; and the environmental concerns of NGOs in the nuclear waste disposal debate. Mr. King served as Staff Specialist to the U.S. Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Environmental Security) during the Clinton administration, and is currently Manager of the Sustainable Energy Institute, a non-profit organization in Washington D.C. dedicated to promoting energy security and sustainability consultant on energy and environmental issues in Washington, D.C. In an especially outstanding achievement, six ISSP students’ articles appear alongside 
leading terrorism specialists in the United States such as Bruce
Hoffman, Martha Crenshaw, Mark Juergensmeyer, Jessica Stern, Richard K.
Betts and Ashton Carter in a 2002 McGraw-Hill publication Terrorism and
Counterterrorism: Understanding the New Security Environment (edited by
Colonel Russ Howard and Captain Reid Sawyer) [http://www.mhhe.com/catalogs/0072837780.mhtml].
Part I of this textbook presents the philosophical, political and
religious roots of terrorist activities and discuses the national,
regional and global effects of historical and recent terrorist acts.
Here, Michael L. Moodie, one of the first ISSP graduates (MA ‘73),
explains why weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) – chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear – are becoming the weapons of choice among
terrorist organizations and some governments. His article, “The Chemical
Weapons Threat,” also appears in Sidney D. Drell, Abraham D. Sofaer,
George D. Wilson eds., The New Terror: Facing the Threat of Biological
and Chemical Weapons (Hoover Institution Press, 1999). Mr. Moodie was
Former Assistant Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency which had the lead responsibility for negotiating the Chemical
Weapons Convention and for issues relating to Biological Weapons
Convention. He is currently president of the Biological Arms Control
Institute in Washington, D.C. Gregory J. Rattaray (Ph.D. ‘98) is also featured in part one of this textbook. In “The Cyberterrorism Threat” he predicts “cyberterrorism [will] become a more significant national security concern” in the future. Furthermore, he argues that the effectiveness of such attacks will increase as will U.S. vulnerabilities to such attacks. Dr. Rattaray is now Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Air Force and commander of the 23rd information Operations Squadron, responsible for information warfare, arms control and proliferation issues. He also authored several articles as well as a book entitled, Strategic Warfare in Cyberspace (2001). Part II of Terrorism and Counterterrorism deals with responses to terrorism and defenses against it, giving the reader a comprehensive spectrum of one of the crucial problems that face the modern world. Here Colonel Russ Howard, co-editor of the publication and author of the article ‘The National Security Act of 1947 and Biological and Chemical Weapons: A Mid-Century Mechanism for End of Millennium Threats,” argues that the U.S. intelligence community created 50 years ago cannot possibly cope with the current terrorism threat. He therefore advocates a change in American national security legislation that will allow for successful U.S. counterterrorism efforts. A career Special Forces officer, Col. Howard is now a professor and department head at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He is currently finishing a Ph.D. in the ISSP at Fletcher. Dr. Jim Robbins (ISSP Ph.D. ‘91) expands upon the previous argument in his article, “Bin Laden’s War” an original essay written for this McGraw Hill text. He presents the background and escalation of events that lead to 9/11 and demonstrates how the goals the terrorists sought to achieve were never fully realized. Dr. Robbins is now at the National Defense University and a frequent contributor to the National Review Online. “The Real Intelligence Failure on 9/11 and the Case for a Doctrine of Striking First,” co-authored by the ISSP’s Professor Richard Shultz and Andreas Vogt, is another original article written for this volume. The authors maintain that the intelligence failures of 9/11 went well beyond coordination problems and simple analysis. They contend that prior to the events of September 2001, terrorism was not viewed as a “fourth-generation warfare,” and was instead “seen as secondary to [U.S.] national security challenge -- not a clear and present danger….” Mr. Vogt received his MALD in ‘98 and is currently in Ph.D. program as an H.B. Earhart Fellow. In addition, he is a program and research coordinator of the ISSP, lectures at Tufts University and organizes and participates in international security related simulations and conferences. Prior to Fletcher, he served with NATO and with UN peacekeeping forces. Michelle Malvesti’s “Explaining the United States’ Decision to Strike Back at Terrorists,” written before the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S. is also featured in this text book, originally appearing in Terrorism and Violence, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Summer 2001). She presents a detailed explanatory model analyzing the six factors likely to engender a U.S. military response against a terrorist perpetrator. The article’s detailed historical analysis as well as its predictive quality are especially salient in studying the current war against terrorism. She is currently at the U.S. National Security Council, having completed both her MALD (‘00) and Ph.D. (’02) through the ISSP at Fletcher.
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