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The High Contracting
Parties, animated by the purpose of giving
conventional form to the postulates of the Resolution approved on
December 16, 1933, by all the States represented at the Seventh
International Conference of American States, held at Montevideo,
which recommended to "the Governments of America which have not
yet done so that they sign the 'Roerich Pact', initiated by the
Roerich Museum in the United States, and which has as its object,
the universal adoption of a flag, already designed and generally
known, in order thereby to preserve in any time of danger all
nationally and privately owned immovable monuments which form the
cultural treasure of peoples", have resolved to conclude a treaty
with that end in view, and to the effect that the treasures of
culture be respected and protected in time of war and in peace,
have agreed upon the following articles:
ARTICLE I
The historic monuments, museums, scientific, artistic,
educational and cultural institutions shall be considered as
neutral and as such respected and protected by belligerents.
The same respect and protection shall be due to the personnel of
the institutions mentioned above.
The same respect and protection shall be accorded to the historic
monuments, museums, scientific, artistic, educational and
cultural institutions in time of peace as well as in war.
ARTICLE II
The neutrality of, and protection and respect due to, the
monuments and institutions mentioned in the preceding article,
shall be recognized in the entire expanse of territories subject
to the sovereignty of each of the signatory and acceding States,
Without any discrimination as to the State allegiance of said
monuments and institutions. The respective Governments agree to
adopt the measures of internal legislation necessary to insure
said protection and respect.
ARTICLE III
In order to identify the monuments and institutions mentioned in
article I, use may be made of a distinctive flag (red circle with
a triple red sphere in the circle on a white background) in
accordance with the model attached to this treaty.
ARTICLE IV
The signatory Governments and those which accede to this treaty,
shall send to the Pan American Union, at the time of signature or
accession, or at any time thereafter, a list of the monuments and
institutions for which they desire the protection agreed to in
this treaty.
The Pan American Union, when notifying the Governments of
signatures or accessions, shall also send the list of monuments
and institutions mentioned in this article, and shall inform the
other Governments of any changes in said list.
ARTICLE V
The monuments and institutions mentioned in article I shall cease
to enjoy the privileges recognized in the present treaty in case
they are made use of for military purposes.
ARTICLE VI
The States which do not sign the present treaty on the date it is
opened for signature, may sign or adhere to it at any time.
ARTICLE VII
The instruments of accession, as well as those of ratification
and denunciation of the present treaty, shall be deposited with
the Pan American Union, which shall communicate notice of the act
of deposit to the other signatory or acceding States.
ARTICLE VIII
The present treaty may be denounced at any time by any of the
signatory or acceding States, and the denunciation shall go into
effect three months after notice of it has been given to the
other signatory or acceding States.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Undersigned Plenipotentiaries, after
having deposited their full powers found to be in due and proper
form, sign this treaty on behalf of their respective governments,
and affix thereto their seals, on the dates appearing opposite
their signatures.
For the Argentine Republic: April 15, 1935
FELIPE A. ESPIL
For Bolivia: April 15, 1935
ENRIQUE FINOT
For Brazil: April 15, 1935 OSWALDO ARANHA
For Chile: April 15, 1935
M. TRUCCO
For Colombia: April 15, 1935
M. LOPEZ PUMAREJO For Costa Rica: April 15, 1935
MAN. GONZALEZ Z
For Cuba: April 15, 1935
GUILLERMO PATTERSON
For the Dominican Republic: April 15, 1935
RAF. BRACHE
For Ecuador: April 15, 1935
C. E. ALFARO
For El Salvador: April 15, 1935
HECTOR DAVID CASTRO
For Guatemala: April 15, 1935
ADRIAN RECINOS
For Haiti: April 15, 1935
A. BLANCHET
For Honduras: April 15, 1935
M. PAZ BARAONA
For Mexico: April 15, 1935
F. CASTILLO NAJERA
For Nicaragua: April 15, 1935
HENRI DE BAYLE
For Panama: April 15, 1935
R. J. ALFARO
For Paraguay: April 15, 1935
ENRIQUE BORDENAVE
For Peru: April 15, 1935
M. DE FREYRE Y S.
For the United States of America: April 15, 1935
HENRY A. WALLACE
For Uruguay: April 15, 1935
J. RICHLING
For Venezuela: April 15, 1935
PEDRO M. ARCAYA
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